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KMID : 0986720230310020097
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Korean Journal of Medicine and Law
2023 Volume.31 No. 2 p.97 ~ p.136
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A Study on the Improvement of North Korean Residents' Right to Health- Focusing on SGD3
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Lee Jung-Im
Kim So-Yoon
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Abstract
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In 2015, North Korea pledged its active commitment to the '2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development' and demonstrated ongoing engagement with the international community by submitting a Voluntary National Review in 2021. South Korea and the international community need to focus on North Korea's will and status of implementing international promises based on human-centered values. This study aims to analyze pertinent laws and the implementation status in North Korea toward achieving SDG3, ultimately contributing to the realization of North Korean residents' substantive right to health through legislative action. This study aims to analyze pertinent laws and the implementation status in North Korea toward achieving SDG3, ultimately contributing to the realization of North Korean residents' substantive right to health through legislative action. The comparative analysis involves examining international human rights norms and laws related to the right to health in North and South Korea within the framework of the 13 detailed goals of SDG3. Implications are drawn by scrutinizing the current state of North Korea's SDG3-related laws and the level of implementation against international standards. This study recommends the following institutional measures to enhance the universal right to health for North Korean residents.
Firstly, there is a need to improve the emergency medical system to reduce maternal and child mortality, as well as fatalities from accidents and disasters caused by substandard road infrastructure. This necessitates the establishment of emergency medical facilities, bolstering medical staff capabilities, and ensuring the availability of emergency medical drugs. Secondly, training professional medical personnel in various fields is essential. Regulations should define qualification standards, scope of work, and training methods for maternal, child, infectious disease, epidemiology, occupational health, radiologists, professional nurses, and epidemiological investigators. Thirdly, the construction of healthcare infrastructure, including medical institutions, essential medicine manufacturing facilities, and blood centers, is imperative for comprehensive health services. Fourthly, securing finances for healthcare is crucial. A plan is required to address inadequate healthcare infrastructure, train experts, increase medical expenses for non-infectious diseases, and allocate funds for basic medical research. Fifthly, improving systems for cooperation with the international community is essential. Given the current internal and external conditions of North Korea, relying solely on self-reliance measures may not lead to substantial improvements in health rights. A legal and institutional plan is needed to attract technology and capital from the international community, drawing on South Korea's experience. This institutional mechanism reflects the parties' commitment to implementing the SDGs and forms the basis for faithful implementation. Lastly, for the health and well-being of North Korean residents, the international community, including South Korea, must be prepared to play an active role in line with North Korea's legal and institutional measures.
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KEYWORD
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South Korea, North Korea, Right to health, SDG3, International Human Rights Norms
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